Schizophreniform disorder is a type of psychotic illness with symptoms similar to those of schizophrenia, but lasting for less than 6 months. Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder is a type of "psychosis" in which a person cannot tell what is real from what is imagined.
Schizophreniform disorder is diagnosed when the symptoms fulfilling criteria for schizophrenia are lasting at least a month but less than 6 months (DSM-5).
Two or more of the following symptoms are to be expected over the course of a a month. At least (1) or (2) or (3) must be present.
1.Delusions: a false fixed belief , that is firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence. It is a disturbance in the content of thought.
2.Hallucinations: a sensory experience that occurs in the absence of any external perceptual stimulus. However, it seems very real to the person.
3.Disorganized Speech.
4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
5.Negative symptoms: the absence of required behaviors to cope with daily life.
These signs of disturbance should last for at least 1 month and generate dysfunction in work, interpersonal relations or self care.
The prevalence rates of primary schizophreniform disorders in the general population range between 0.4 and 1%. The prevalence of schizophreniform disorder, like that of schizophrenia, is equally distributed between the sexes, with peak onset between the ages of 18 and 24 years in men and between the ages of 24 and 35 years in women.
People with schizophreniform disorder recover within 6 months. If the symptoms don’t improve, the person likely has schizophrenia, which is a lifelong illness. According to the American Psychiatric Association, about two-thirds of people with schizophreniform disorder go on to develop schizophrenia.
Medication and psychotherapy (a type of counseling) are both used. People with severe symptoms or who are at risk of hurting themselves or others may need to be hospitalized to get their condition under control.
Medication: Antipsychotic drugs are the main medications that doctors use to treat the psychotic symptoms of schizophreniform disorder, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking.
Psychotherapy: The goal is to help the person recognize and learn about the illness and its treatment, set goals, and manage everyday problems related to the condition. It can also help the person handle the feelings of distress linked to the symptoms. Family therapy can help families deal more effectively with a loved one who has schizophreniform disorder.